苏联远东地区角微蛛属(蜘蛛目,皿蛛科,微蛛亚科)一新种

The new species Ceratinella kurenshchikovi sp.nov. is described on the basis of the holotype male from Khabarovsk Province. It has a modified carapace, a character unknown in other Ceratinella species. The male palp of the new species is most similar to that of C. brevis.     

陕西延安黄龙山褐马鸡自然保护区鸟类资源调查

通过2006年3月至2007年3月对陕西延安黄龙山褐马鸡自然保护区鸟类资源调查,结合历史文献,确认保护区有鸟类14目32科139种.其中国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类4种,Ⅱ级保护鸟类18种.保护区鸟类以留鸟和夏候鸟为主,有留鸟57种,夏候鸟35种,而冬候鸟、旅鸟分别只有19种和28种.列入CITES的共有22种,IUCN的有4种,中国物种红色名录有7种.鸟类区系组成为:古北界种类有39种,东洋界种类21种,广布种32种.以古北界种类占优势,且兼有丰富的东洋界种类.同时,具蒙新区、青藏区和华北区特点.     

甘肃尕海-则岔国家级自然保护区黑鹳栖息活动动态监测

黑鹳Ciconia nigra是世界濒危鸟类之一,在我国数量稀少,被列为国家I级保护物种.我们通过监测尕海-则岔国家级自然保护区黑鹳活动情况(2005～2007),发现其具有明显的年活动节律和日活动节律.黑鹳的数量在该保护区呈逐年上升的趋势.另外,也对我国近几年黑鹳记录情况进行了总结,发现2007年所记录的最大数量是中国发现的最大黑鹳群体.     

Annelids, arthropods or molluscs are suitable as surrogate taxa for selecting conservation reserves in estuaries

The urgent need to conserve aquatic biodiversity and the lack of spatial data on biodiversity has motivated conservation planners and researchers to search for more readily obtainable information that could be used as proxies or surrogates. The surrogate taxon approach shows promise in some aquatic environments (e.g. intertidal) but not others (e.g. coral reefs, temperate rocky reefs). Estuaries are transitional environments at the land–sea junction with a unique biodiversity, but are the most threatened of aquatic environments because of high levels of human use. The comparatively small numbers of conservation reserves means that estuarine biodiversity is poorly protected. Selecting additional conservation reserves within estuaries would be facilitated by the identification of a suitable surrogate that could be used in conservation planning. In one estuary in Southeast Australia, we evaluated separately the effectiveness of annelids, arthropods, and molluscs as surrogates for predicting the species richness, abundance, assemblage variation, and summed irreplaceability of other species and for coincidentally representing other species in networks of conservation reserves selected for each surrogate. Spatial patterns in the species richness and assemblage variation (but not summed irreplaceability) of each surrogate were significantly correlated with the spatial patterns of other species. The total abundance of annelids and the total abundance of arthropods were each significantly correlated with the total abundances of other species. Networks of conservation reserves selected to represent each surrogate performed significantly better than random selection in representing other species. The greatest number of non-surrogate species was coincidentally included in reserves selected for the group of mollusc species. We conclude that annelids and arthropods are effective surrogate taxa for identifying spatial variation in several measures of conservation value (species richness, abundance, assemblage variation) in estuaries. We also conclude that spatial data on annelids, arthropods or molluscs can be used to select networks of conservation reserves in estuaries. The demonstrated effectiveness of these surrogates should facilitate future conservation planning within estuaries.     

Histological comparison between wheat embryos developing in vitro from isolated zygotes and those developing in vivo

There is currently great interest shown in understanding the process of embryogenesis and, due to the relative inaccessibility of these structures in planta, extended studies are carried out in various in vitro systems. The culture of isolated zygotes in particular provides an excellent platform to study the process of in planta embryogenesis. However, very few comparisons have been made between zygotic embryos grown entirely in cultures and those grown in vivo. The present study analyses the differences and similarities between the in vitro and in vivo development of wheat zygotic embryos at the level of morphology and histology. The study was possible thanks to an efficient culture system and an appropriate method of preparing isolated wheat zygotes for microscopy. The in vitro embryos were fixed, embedded and sectioned in the two-celled, globular, club-shaped and fully differentiated stages. Embryos developing in vitro closely followed the morphology of their in planta counterparts and their cell types and tissues were also similar, demonstrating the applicability of the present culture system for studying the process of zygotic embryogenesis. However, some important differences were also detected in the case of in vitro development: the disturbance of or lack of initial polarity led to changes in the division symmetry of the zygotes and subsequently to the formation of uniform cells in the globular structures. Presumably, differences between the in vitro and in planta environments resulted in a lower level of differentiation and maturation in in vitro embryos and in abundant starch and protein accumulation in the scutellum.     

The spatial–temporal pattern changes of the red crowned crane (Grus japonensis) population in Zhalong NNR and the related driving forces

Understanding spatio-temporal distribution patterns of a species is essential to successful species and habitat conservation. The fluctuations of the red crowned crane population were studied after collecting the data about breeding red-crown cranes from Zhalong National Natural Reserve (Zhalong NNR) since 1981; and their spatial distribution patterns were also quantified in variant time periods with the method nearest neighbor analysis (NNA); the main factors leading to the dynamics of the bird population were analyzed. The results showed the red-crown crane population had fluctuated dramatically from 1981 to 2005. The number dropped rapidly to the minimum of the bird population to endanger the existence of the population by the year of 2005. And the spatial distribution pattern changed from uniform distribution to aggregated distribution during 1996–2005. These changes reflected that the distributions of habitats had undergone a process of fragmentation, and the area of the suitable habitats suffered such a continuous loss that there were insufficient habitats to sustain the bird population any more. And consequently, the decline of the bird population occurred. The wildfire and the anthropogenic activities were the driving forces which accounted for the degradation of the habitats and hereafter the fluctuations of the red-crown population.     

扎龙自然保护区丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)巢的内分布型及巢域

为了探讨丹顶鹤繁殖种群的空间分布,2002～2006年的4～5月份,在黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区,采用定点观察法、无样地取样法、GPS定位等研究方法和分布距离指数、最近邻体法等衡量指标对丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)巢的内分布型及巢域进行了研究.结果表明:(1)扎龙保护区丹顶鹤巢的内分布型,I2002=2.140>2,I2003=2.048>2,I2004=2.093>2, I2006=3.263>2,均为聚集分布;(2)在假设扎龙保护区丹顶鹤巢域面积等于领域面积、巢域形状为圆形且所有个体面积大小相等的前提下,丹顶鹤的巢域为(0.510±0.019)km2,年度间有所差异,分别为2002年(0.542±0.257)km2、2003年(0.569±0.067)km2、2004年(0.557±0.054)km2、2006年(0.344±0.119)km2.分析表明,丹顶鹤对于栖息生境的整体分布和繁殖微生境质量的变化具有一定适应和应答的能力.为了更有效地验证本文的研究结果并对丹顶鹤进行保护,还有待于长期监测并进一步研究.     

The spatial–temporal pattern changes of the red crowned crane (Grus japonensis) population in Zhalong NNR and the related driving forces

Understanding spatio-temporal distribution patterns of a species is essential to successful species and habitat conservation. The fluctuations of the red crowned crane population were studied after collecting the data about breeding red-crown cranes from Zhalong National Natural Reserve (Zhalong NNR) since 1981; and their spatial distribution patterns were also quantified in variant time periods with the method nearest neighbor analysis (NNA); the main factors leading to the dynamics of the bird population were analyzed. The results showed the red-crown crane population had fluctuated dramatically from 1981 to 2005. The number dropped rapidly to the minimum of the bird population to endanger the existence of the population by the year of 2005. And the spatial distribution pattern changed from uniform distribution to aggregated distribution during 1996–2005. These changes reflected that the distributions of habitats had undergone a process of fragmentation, and the area of the suitable habitats suffered such a continuous loss that there were insufficient habitats to sustain the bird population any more. And consequently, the decline of the bird population occurred. The wildfire and the anthropogenic activities were the driving forces which accounted for the degradation of the habitats and hereafter the fluctuations of the red-crown population.     

宁夏罗山国家级自然保护区鸟类区系特征及群落结构

自2010年10月至2011年12月对宁夏罗山国家级保护区鸟类区系及群落结构进行了调查研究,共记录到鸟类15目46科98属164种,占宁夏已知鸟类总种数的48.81%。其中留鸟51种(31.10%),夏候鸟68种(41.64%),旅鸟38种(23.17%),冬候鸟7种(4.27%)。繁殖鸟119种,其中以古北界鸟类占优势,有88种,占繁殖鸟总数的73.95%;东洋界种15种,占12.61%;广布种鸟类16种,占13.45%。研究发现不同季节、不同生境中的鸟类群落特征差异较大。林地鸟类物种数和多样性指数最高,水域鸟类具有最高的G-F指数。相似性分析显示,山地荒漠草地和废弃村庄的鸟类群落,林地和浅山灌丛鸟类群落,分别具有一定的相似性。春季鸟类群落物种数、G-F指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数最高。     

江西井冈山自然保护区陆生贝类多样性

2011年4～8月调查了江西井冈山自然保护区陆生贝类资源,共采得陆生贝类67种和亚种(含9个未定种),隶属4目19科31属,其中有1新种,即龙潭弯螺(Sinoennea sp.nov.)(另文报道);14种为江西省陆生贝类新纪录种;优势种为长柱倍唇螺(Diplommatina paxillus longipalatalis)、细锥倍唇螺(D.apicina)、灰尖巴蜗牛(Bradybaena ravida ravida)、双线巨蓬蛞蝓(Meghimatium bilineatum)。区系组成以东洋界成分为主,占种类总数的74.14%。阔叶林、灌木丛和农田生境陆生贝类种类较丰富,竹林和苔藓生境种类较少。根据调查数据,分别计算井冈山自然保护区5种不同生境类型中陆生贝类群落的多样性、丰富度和均匀度,结果表明,灌木丛生境陆生贝类的丰富度指数和多样性指数均最高,苔藓生境的均匀度指数最高。与邻近自然保护区比较,井冈山自然保护区陆生贝类物种较丰富,且与江西齐云山陆生贝类物种相似系数较高,与广东南岭物种相似系数较低。